kool_2016_when
Two two-step sequential decision experiments test when model-based control pays off. In each trial participants make a stage-1 choice between two stimuli that transition (common/rare, 70/30) to a second stage, then choose among two options yielding points with drifting reward probabilities (Gaussian random walk). Experiment 1 (exp0, N=206 in data; paper reports 207) uses the original Daw two-step structure; Experiment 2 (exp1, N=200 in data; 199 completers reported) uses a novel task with four stage-1 choices and integer reward magnitudes from -4 to +5 points, designed so model-based planning yields an accuracy-demand trade-off; participants spontaneously increased model-based control there. Responses are stage-1 and stage-2 stimulus choices (plus RTs); the paper shows by simulation that standard two-step tasks lack this trade-off and fits hybrid model-based/model-free reinforcement-learning models (weighted Q-values, softmax) to quantify each participant's reliance on model-based control.
Responses
89,054
8,652 held out
CORE effects
2 / 3
CORE test NLL (avg)
0.556
rank 2 of 7 models
Best model
CORE (no phonemes)
test NLL (avg) 0.555
Likelihood of human responses
| model | PNLL | test NLL (avg) | test responses | train NLL (avg) | train responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CORE | 4,814.5 | 0.5565 | 8,652 | 0.5474 | 80,402 |
| CORE (no prediction errors) | 4,834.1 | 0.5587 | 8,652 | 0.5466 | 80,402 |
| CORE (no phonemes) best | 4,800.0 | 0.5548 | 8,652 | 0.5376 | 80,402 |
| CORE (no forgetting) | 4,900.1 | 0.5664 | 8,652 | 0.5573 | 80,402 |
| CORE (no hierarchy) | 5,354.2 | 0.6188 | 8,652 | 0.6198 | 80,402 |
| Transformer | 5,098.7 | 0.5893 | 8,652 | 0.5821 | 80,402 |
| Centaur | 4,883.1 | 0.5644 | 8,652 | – | – |
Experiments
| exp | task class | participants | responses | conditions | simulated | effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| exp0 | TwoStepExp0 | 206 | 60,078 | 1 | yes | daw_stay_reward_maineffect, daw_stay_reward_common_interaction |
| exp1 | NovelTwoStep | 200 | 28,976 | 1 | yes | novel_stay_same_vs_diff_after_reward |
Behavioral effects
| effect | experiment | paper | CORE | CORE (no prediction errors) | CORE (no phonemes) | CORE (no forgetting) | CORE (no hierarchy) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
daw_stay_reward_maineffect | exp0 | +0.549 | ✓ yes +0.087 | ✓ yes +0.076 | ✓ yes +0.072 | ✓ yes +0.072 | ✓ yes +0.024 |
in the standard Daw two-step task, reward on the previous trial increases the probability of staying with the previous first-stage choice (main effect of reward on stay; fig 16A). One-sample t-test of the per-participant win-minus-loss stay contrast, expected > 0 for reproduction of the model-free signature. | |||||||
daw_stay_reward_common_interaction | exp0 | +0.383 | ✗ no -0.019 | ✗ no -0.008 | ✗ no +0.030 | ✗ no -0.011 | ✗ no +0.007 |
staying is higher after reward on common transitions and after no-reward on rare transitions (the model-based crossover interaction between previous reward and transition type; fig 16A). One-sample t-test of the per-participant interaction contrast, expected > 0. | |||||||
novel_stay_same_vs_diff_after_reward | exp1 | +0.711 | ✓ yes +0.106 | ✓ yes +0.106 | ✓ yes +0.159 | ✓ yes +0.116 | ✗ no -0.004 |
in the novel two-step task, a positive reward on the previous trial enhances staying behavior from chance in both the same and the different start-state conditions, and this effect is larger when the current first-stage state equals the previous trial's state (fig 16B). Paired t-test same > different, plus one-sample tests vs chance (0.5) for both conditions, all expected p < .05. | |||||||
Transcript
You are an astronaut flying a spaceship from Earth to collect space treasure on two different planets. Each planet has two aliens on it, and each alien has its own space treasure mine. If an alien has a good mine, it is likely to share a piece of space treasure with you; if its mine is bad, it usually will not. The quality of each mine drifts slowly over time, so you must keep paying attention. On each trial, two spaceships appear. Choose one by pressing A or B. Each spaceship mostly flies to one of the planets and sometimes to the other; this does not change during the game. When you arrive at a planet, two aliens appear. Choose one by pressing A or B to ask it for treasure. You then learn whether you found space treasure (worth 1 point) or not (0 points). First you play practice trials with no time limit. Then the real game starts, with 2 seconds to make each choice. Press A or B to choose the option you want. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the yellow planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the green planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. The practice trials are over. In the real game you will find new planets, new aliens and new mines, but the rules and the spaceships are the same. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. You fail to respond in time. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find no space treasure. You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press B. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure! You see two spaceships. You press B. You travel to the red planet. On the planet you see two aliens. You press A. You find a piece of space treasure!
You are an astronaut flying a spaceship from Earth to collect space treasure on two different planets. Each planet has one alien on it, and each alien has its own space treasure mine. A mine can contain space treasure (which gives positive points) or antimatter (which gives negative points). The quality of each mine drifts slowly over time, so you must keep paying attention. On each trial, one of two pairs of spaceships appears. Choose one spaceship of the pair by pressing A or B. In each pair, one spaceship always flies to one planet and the other always flies to the other planet. When you arrive at a planet, one alien is there. Press the space bar to ask the alien to mine. You then learn how many points of space treasure (or antimatter) you received. First you play practice trials with no time limit. Then the real game starts, with 2 seconds to make each choice. Press A or B to choose the option you want. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the yellow planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the green planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. The practice trials are over. In the real game you will find new planets, new aliens and new mines, but the rules and the spaceships are the same. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 5 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You fail to press the space bar in time. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 5 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You fail to press the space bar in time. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 5 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You fail to respond in time. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 5 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 5 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You fail to respond in time. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of antimatter. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 4 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 5 points of space treasure. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain no points. You see the second pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of antimatter. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 5 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 1 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press B. You travel to the purple planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 3 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure. You see the first pair of spaceships. You press A. You travel to the red planet. You press the space bar to mine. You gain 2 points of space treasure.