jagadish_2023_zeroshot
Two online Prolific experiments using a compositional multi-armed bandit paradigm. Each task contains three 6-arm sub-tasks (5 arm-choice trials each); participants first learn two latent reward functions (linear or periodic) and must then compose them on a final sub-task, under an additive composition rule (exp 1, N=289) or a change-point rule (exp 2, N=300). Participants were randomly assigned to a curriculum condition (20 tasks; 300 trials) or a non-curriculum condition (100 trials, only the compositional sub-task). The primary response is a discrete arm choice (0-5) with the received reward. The study asks whether people can perform zero-shot compositional inference in reinforcement learning, finds that they can but deviate from optimality, and an eight-model computational comparison (Bayesian mean-tracking, GP regression, meta-learned RL2 / resource-rational RR-RL2) shows the resource-rational model fits behavior best.
Responses
134,700
13,400 held out
CORE effects
6 / 6
CORE test NLL (avg)
0.991
rank 2 of 7 models
Best model
Centaur
test NLL (avg) 0.989
Likelihood of human responses
| model | PNLL | test NLL (avg) | test responses | train NLL (avg) | train responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CORE | 13,272.9 | 0.9905 | 13,400 | 0.9143 | 121,300 |
| CORE (no prediction errors) | 13,685.2 | 1.0213 | 13,400 | 0.9645 | 121,300 |
| CORE (no phonemes) | 13,346.8 | 0.9960 | 13,400 | 0.9098 | 121,300 |
| CORE (no forgetting) | 14,472.2 | 1.0800 | 13,400 | 1.0145 | 121,300 |
| CORE (no hierarchy) | 19,142.9 | 1.4286 | 13,400 | 1.4137 | 121,300 |
| Transformer | 17,331.6 | 1.2934 | 13,400 | 1.2583 | 121,300 |
| Centaur best | 13,254.1 | 0.9891 | 13,400 | – | – |
Experiments
| exp | task class | participants | responses | conditions | simulated | effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| exp0 | CompositionalBandit | 289 | 65,100 | 1 | yes | zero_shot_above_chance_exp0, curriculum_beats_noncurriculum_exp0, learning_continues_in_composition_exp0 |
| exp1 | CompositionalBandit | 300 | 69,600 | 1 | yes | zero_shot_above_chance_exp1, curriculum_beats_noncurriculum_exp1, learning_continues_in_composition_exp1 |
Behavioral effects
| effect | experiment | paper | CORE | CORE (no prediction errors) | CORE (no phonemes) | CORE (no forgetting) | CORE (no hierarchy) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
zero_shot_above_chance_exp0 | exp0 | +0.215 | ✓ yes +0.154 | ✓ yes +0.141 | ✓ yes +0.140 | ✓ yes +0.145 | ✓ yes +0.028 |
probability of choosing the optimal arm on trial 0 of the final (compositional) sub-task in the curriculum condition is greater than chance (1/6); one-sample t-test on per-participant means. | |||||||
zero_shot_above_chance_exp1 | exp1 | +0.170 | ✓ yes +0.065 | ✓ yes +0.057 | ✓ yes +0.049 | ✓ yes +0.059 | ✗ no -0.003 |
probability of choosing the optimal arm on trial 0 of the final (compositional) sub-task in the curriculum condition is greater than chance (1/6); one-sample t-test on per-participant means. | |||||||
curriculum_beats_noncurriculum_exp0 | exp0 | -1.180 | ✓ yes -1.068 | ✓ yes -1.044 | ✓ yes -0.977 | ✓ yes -1.103 | ✗ no -0.073 |
mean regret on trial 0 of the final sub-task is lower in the curriculum than in the non-curriculum condition; independent two-sample t-test on per-participant means. | |||||||
curriculum_beats_noncurriculum_exp1 | exp1 | -1.180 | ✓ yes -0.648 | ✓ yes -0.511 | ✓ yes -0.461 | ✓ yes -0.459 | ✗ no -0.097 |
mean regret on trial 0 of the final sub-task is lower in the curriculum than in the non-curriculum condition; independent two-sample t-test on per-participant means. | |||||||
learning_continues_in_composition_exp0 | exp0 | -0.210 | ✓ yes -0.106 | ✓ yes -0.125 | ✓ yes -0.135 | ✓ yes -0.079 | ✗ no +0.023 |
within the final sub-task (curriculum condition), regret decreases across trials 0..4 (participants keep learning instead of performing perfect zero-shot inference); one-sample t-test on per-participant mean trial slopes. | |||||||
learning_continues_in_composition_exp1 | exp1 | -0.216 | ✓ yes -0.210 | ✓ yes -0.206 | ✓ yes -0.217 | ✓ yes -0.212 | ✗ no -0.011 |
within the final sub-task (curriculum condition), regret decreases across trials 0..4 (participants keep learning instead of performing perfect zero-shot inference); one-sample t-test on per-participant mean trial slopes. | |||||||
Transcript
You are a gambler visiting the fictional town of Bandit City. Over the session you visit a series of casinos and play slot machines, trying to win as many coins as possible. Every slot machine is made by one of two companies, Blue Lagoon and Green Geeks, and all machines from the same company pay out according to the same hidden pattern (you are not told which company has which pattern, so you learn it by playing). Each slot machine has six buttons in a row, labeled S, D, F, J, K, L. On every trial you press exactly one button to play that arm and you win some coins. In each casino you first play a slot machine from each of the two companies, then a third combination machine whose payout for an arm pays the sum of what the two companies' machines would have paid on that same arm. On each trial, press the letter of the arm you want to play: S, D, F, J, K, or L. Casino 0, machine 1: You press S and win 4.18 coins. Casino 0, machine 1: You press J and win 7.21 coins. Casino 0, machine 1: You press K and win 6.18 coins. Casino 0, machine 1: You press L and win 7.85 coins. Casino 0, machine 1: You press L and win 8.08 coins. Casino 0, machine 2: You press S and win 3.65 coins. Casino 0, machine 2: You press J and win 8.39 coins. Casino 0, machine 2: You press K and win 2.09 coins. Casino 0, machine 2: You press L and win 9.01 coins. Casino 0, machine 2: You press L and win 8.90 coins. Casino 0, machine 3: You press L and win 16.83 coins. Casino 0, machine 3: You press L and win 16.92 coins. Casino 0, machine 3: You press L and win 16.74 coins. Casino 0, machine 3: You press L and win 16.82 coins. Casino 0, machine 3: You press L and win 17.02 coins. Casino 1, machine 1: You press S and win 4.61 coins. Casino 1, machine 1: You press J and win 6.41 coins. Casino 1, machine 1: You press K and win 6.29 coins. Casino 1, machine 1: You press L and win 6.92 coins. Casino 1, machine 1: You press L and win 6.95 coins. Casino 1, machine 2: You press D and win 6.55 coins. Casino 1, machine 2: You press J and win 5.40 coins. Casino 1, machine 2: You press F and win 1.88 coins. Casino 1, machine 2: You press L and win 5.05 coins. Casino 1, machine 2: You press D and win 6.63 coins. Casino 1, machine 3: You press S and win 5.13 coins. Casino 1, machine 3: You press J and win 12.02 coins. Casino 1, machine 3: You press L and win 12.41 coins. Casino 1, machine 3: You press L and win 12.37 coins. Casino 1, machine 3: You press L and win 12.35 coins. Casino 2, machine 1: You press S and win 0.07 coins. Casino 2, machine 1: You press J and win 3.57 coins. Casino 2, machine 1: You press L and win 5.71 coins. Casino 2, machine 1: You press L and win 5.57 coins. Casino 2, machine 1: You press L and win 5.73 coins. Casino 2, machine 2: You press S and win 5.01 coins. Casino 2, machine 2: You press L and win 1.40 coins. Casino 2, machine 2: You press D and win 0.23 coins. Casino 2, machine 2: You press S and win 5.03 coins. Casino 2, machine 2: You press S and win 5.12 coins. Casino 2, machine 3: You press S and win 5.11 coins. Casino 2, machine 3: You press J and win 4.47 coins. Casino 2, machine 3: You press L and win 6.93 coins. Casino 2, machine 3: You press L and win 6.99 coins. Casino 2, machine 3: You press L and win 6.82 coins. Casino 3, machine 1: You press S and win 7.23 coins. Casino 3, machine 1: You press F and win 6.19 coins. Casino 3, machine 1: You press L and win 3.23 coins. Casino 3, machine 1: You press S and win 7.22 coins. Casino 3, machine 1: You press S and win 7.38 coins. Casino 3, machine 2: You press S and win 3.15 coins. Casino 3, machine 2: You press J and win 9.71 coins. Casino 3, machine 2: You press L and win 9.91 coins. Casino 3, machine 2: You press L and win 9.97 coins. Casino 3, machine 2: You press L and win 9.90 coins. Casino 3, machine 3: You press L and win 13.06 coins. Casino 3, machine 3: You press L and win 13.31 coins. Casino 3, machine 3: You press L and win 13.02 coins. Casino 3, machine 3: You press L and win 13.18 coins. Casino 3, machine 3: You press L and win 13.01 coins. Casino 4, machine 1: You press S and win 2.41 coins. Casino 4, machine 1: You press J and win 5.42 coins. Casino 4, machine 1: You press L and win 6.99 coins. Casino 4, machine 1: You press L and win 6.97 coins. Casino 4, machine 1: You press L and win 6.85 coins. Casino 4, machine 2: You press S and win 6.00 coins. Casino 4, machine 2: You press J and win 0.47 coins. Casino 4, machine 2: You press K and win 4.97 coins. Casino 4, machine 2: You press S and win 6.20 coins. Casino 4, machine 2: You press S and win 6.12 coins. Casino 4, machine 3: You press S and win 8.40 coins. Casino 4, machine 3: You press S and win 8.40 coins. Casino 4, machine 3: You press S and win 8.26 coins. Casino 4, machine 3: You press S and win 8.31 coins. Casino 4, machine 3: You press S and win 8.45 coins. Casino 5, machine 1: You press S and win 6.53 coins. Casino 5, machine 1: You press J and win 3.44 coins. Casino 5, machine 1: You press L and win 1.99 coins. Casino 5, machine 1: You press S and win 6.52 coins. Casino 5, machine 1: You press S and win 6.63 coins. Casino 5, machine 2: You press S and win 1.86 coins. Casino 5, machine 2: You press L and win 7.09 coins. Casino 5, machine 2: You press L and win 7.24 coins. Casino 5, machine 2: You press L and win 7.35 coins. Casino 5, machine 2: You press L and win 7.33 coins. Casino 5, machine 3: You press L and win 9.28 coins. Casino 5, machine 3: You press L and win 9.21 coins. Casino 5, machine 3: You press L and win 9.24 coins. Casino 5, machine 3: You press L and win 9.24 coins. Casino 5, machine 3: You press L and win 9.35 coins. Casino 6, machine 1: You press S and win 6.40 coins. Casino 6, machine 1: You press L and win 8.89 coins. Casino 6, machine 1: You press L and win 8.88 coins. Casino 6, machine 1: You press L and win 8.87 coins. Casino 6, machine 1: You press L and win 8.76 coins. Casino 6, machine 2: You press S and win 6.90 coins. Casino 6, machine 2: You press J and win 0.77 coins. Casino 6, machine 2: You press L and win 1.07 coins. Casino 6, machine 2: You press S and win 6.90 coins. Casino 6, machine 2: You press S and win 6.80 coins. Casino 6, machine 3: You press S and win 13.27 coins. Casino 6, machine 3: You press S and win 13.11 coins. Casino 6, machine 3: You press S and win 13.00 coins. Casino 6, machine 3: You press S and win 13.16 coins. Casino 6, machine 3: You press S and win 13.08 coins. Casino 7, machine 1: You press S and win 4.47 coins. Casino 7, machine 1: You press K and win 1.91 coins. Casino 7, machine 1: You press S and win 4.62 coins. Casino 7, machine 1: You press L and win 1.56 coins. Casino 7, machine 1: You press S and win 4.60 coins. Casino 7, machine 2: You press S and win 3.84 coins. Casino 7, machine 2: You press J and win 8.37 coins. Casino 7, machine 2: You press L and win 9.68 coins. Casino 7, machine 2: You press L and win 9.51 coins. Casino 7, machine 2: You press L and win 9.66 coins. Casino 7, machine 3: You press L and win 11.27 coins. Casino 7, machine 3: You press L and win 11.30 coins. Casino 7, machine 3: You press L and win 11.50 coins. Casino 7, machine 3: You press L and win 11.38 coins. Casino 7, machine 3: You press L and win 11.15 coins. Casino 8, machine 1: You press S and win 8.06 coins. Casino 8, machine 1: You press K and win 4.43 coins. Casino 8, machine 1: You press S and win 8.21 coins. Casino 8, machine 1: You press S and win 8.11 coins. Casino 8, machine 1: You press S and win 8.20 coins. Casino 8, machine 2: You press S and win 2.49 coins. Casino 8, machine 2: You press J and win 5.14 coins. Casino 8, machine 2: You press L and win 5.42 coins. Casino 8, machine 2: You press S and win 2.52 coins. Casino 8, machine 2: You press L and win 5.49 coins. Casino 8, machine 3: You press L and win 9.68 coins. Casino 8, machine 3: You press S and win 10.68 coins. Casino 8, machine 3: You press S and win 10.78 coins. Casino 8, machine 3: You press S and win 10.90 coins. Casino 8, machine 3: You press S and win 10.87 coins. Casino 9, machine 1: You press S and win 0.80 coins. Casino 9, machine 1: You press J and win 3.57 coins. Casino 9, machine 1: You press L and win 5.28 coins. Casino 9, machine 1: You press L and win 5.35 coins. Casino 9, machine 1: You press L and win 5.31 coins. Casino 9, machine 2: You press S and win 2.75 coins. Casino 9, machine 2: You press J and win 9.00 coins. Casino 9, machine 2: You press L and win 8.59 coins. Casino 9, machine 2: You press J and win 8.71 coins. Casino 9, machine 2: You press J and win 9.01 coins. Casino 9, machine 3: You press J and win 12.47 coins. Casino 9, machine 3: You press J and win 12.51 coins. Casino 9, machine 3: You press J and win 12.21 coins. Casino 9, machine 3: You press J and win 12.56 coins. Casino 9, machine 3: You press J and win 12.49 coins. Casino 10, machine 1: You press S and win 3.42 coins. Casino 10, machine 1: You press J and win 6.51 coins. Casino 10, machine 1: You press L and win 7.98 coins. Casino 10, machine 1: You press L and win 7.89 coins. Casino 10, machine 1: You press L and win 8.12 coins. Casino 10, machine 2: You press S and win 4.28 coins. Casino 10, machine 2: You press J and win 0.33 coins. Casino 10, machine 2: You press S and win 4.34 coins. Casino 10, machine 2: You press D and win 0.00 coins. Casino 10, machine 2: You press S and win 4.47 coins. Casino 10, machine 3: You press L and win 8.30 coins. Casino 10, machine 3: You press L and win 8.61 coins. Casino 10, machine 3: You press L and win 8.61 coins. Casino 10, machine 3: You press L and win 8.50 coins. Casino 10, machine 3: You press L and win 8.73 coins. Casino 11, machine 1: You press S and win 1.06 coins. Casino 11, machine 1: You press J and win 3.21 coins. Casino 11, machine 1: You press L and win 4.16 coins. Casino 11, machine 1: You press K and win 2.97 coins. Casino 11, machine 1: You press L and win 4.41 coins. Casino 11, machine 2: You press L and win 5.73 coins. Casino 11, machine 2: You press S and win 2.94 coins. Casino 11, machine 2: You press J and win 5.03 coins. Casino 11, machine 2: You press J and win 4.95 coins. Casino 11, machine 2: You press J and win 5.04 coins. Casino 11, machine 3: You press J and win 8.31 coins. Casino 11, machine 3: You press J and win 8.37 coins. Casino 11, machine 3: You press J and win 8.36 coins. Casino 11, machine 3: You press J and win 8.31 coins. Casino 11, machine 3: You press J and win 8.27 coins. Casino 12, machine 1: You press S and win 3.19 coins. Casino 12, machine 1: You press J and win 4.04 coins. Casino 12, machine 1: You press L and win 5.47 coins. Casino 12, machine 1: You press L and win 5.49 coins. Casino 12, machine 1: You press L and win 5.59 coins. Casino 12, machine 2: You press S and win 4.27 coins. Casino 12, machine 2: You press J and win 9.71 coins. Casino 12, machine 2: You press L and win 10.27 coins. Casino 12, machine 2: You press L and win 10.57 coins. Casino 12, machine 2: You press L and win 10.51 coins. Casino 12, machine 3: You press L and win 16.00 coins. Casino 12, machine 3: You press L and win 15.92 coins. Casino 12, machine 3: You press L and win 15.96 coins. Casino 12, machine 3: You press L and win 16.14 coins. Casino 12, machine 3: You press L and win 15.89 coins. Casino 13, machine 1: You press S and win 1.07 coins. Casino 13, machine 1: You press J and win 4.23 coins. Casino 13, machine 1: You press L and win 6.73 coins. Casino 13, machine 1: You press L and win 6.96 coins. Casino 13, machine 1: You press L and win 6.64 coins. Casino 13, machine 2: You press L and win 0.73 coins. Casino 13, machine 2: You press S and win 3.72 coins. Casino 13, machine 2: You press D and win 1.53 coins. Casino 13, machine 2: You press S and win 3.46 coins. Casino 13, machine 2: You press S and win 3.56 coins. Casino 13, machine 3: You press L and win 7.28 coins. Casino 13, machine 3: You press L and win 7.47 coins. Casino 13, machine 3: You press L and win 7.62 coins. Casino 13, machine 3: You press L and win 7.36 coins. Casino 13, machine 3: You press L and win 7.50 coins. Casino 14, machine 1: You press S and win 9.84 coins. Casino 14, machine 1: You press S and win 9.88 coins. Casino 14, machine 1: You press S and win 9.81 coins. Casino 14, machine 1: You press S and win 9.90 coins. Casino 14, machine 1: You press S and win 9.79 coins. Casino 14, machine 2: You press S and win 2.27 coins. Casino 14, machine 2: You press J and win 10.03 coins. Casino 14, machine 2: You press J and win 10.09 coins. Casino 14, machine 2: You press J and win 10.15 coins. Casino 14, machine 2: You press J and win 10.26 coins. Casino 14, machine 3: You press J and win 16.82 coins. Casino 14, machine 3: You press J and win 16.65 coins. Casino 14, machine 3: You press J and win 16.84 coins. Casino 14, machine 3: You press J and win 16.61 coins. Casino 14, machine 3: You press J and win 16.94 coins. Casino 15, machine 1: You press S and win 8.89 coins. Casino 15, machine 1: You press J and win 6.07 coins. Casino 15, machine 1: You press S and win 8.62 coins. Casino 15, machine 1: You press S and win 8.87 coins. Casino 15, machine 1: You press S and win 8.35 coins. Casino 15, machine 2: You press J and win 6.53 coins. Casino 15, machine 2: You press L and win 6.21 coins. Casino 15, machine 2: You press S and win 0.40 coins. Casino 15, machine 2: You press J and win 6.27 coins. Casino 15, machine 2: You press K and win 0.78 coins. Casino 15, machine 3: You press S and win 9.06 coins. Casino 15, machine 3: You press S and win 9.22 coins. Casino 15, machine 3: You press S and win 9.00 coins. Casino 15, machine 3: You press S and win 9.02 coins. Casino 15, machine 3: You press S and win 8.98 coins. Casino 16, machine 1: You press S and win 4.94 coins. Casino 16, machine 1: You press J and win 7.09 coins. Casino 16, machine 1: You press L and win 7.77 coins. Casino 16, machine 1: You press L and win 7.64 coins. Casino 16, machine 1: You press L and win 7.58 coins. Casino 16, machine 2: You press S and win 5.18 coins. Casino 16, machine 2: You press L and win 1.13 coins. Casino 16, machine 2: You press J and win 0.36 coins. Casino 16, machine 2: You press S and win 5.03 coins. Casino 16, machine 2: You press S and win 4.98 coins. Casino 16, machine 3: You press L and win 8.68 coins. Casino 16, machine 3: You press L and win 8.68 coins. Casino 16, machine 3: You press L and win 8.70 coins. Casino 16, machine 3: You press L and win 8.63 coins. Casino 16, machine 3: You press L and win 8.61 coins. Casino 17, machine 1: You press S and win 6.33 coins. Casino 17, machine 1: You press J and win 7.78 coins. Casino 17, machine 1: You press L and win 9.12 coins. Casino 17, machine 1: You press L and win 9.13 coins. Casino 17, machine 1: You press L and win 9.11 coins. Casino 17, machine 2: You press S and win 4.21 coins. Casino 17, machine 2: You press L and win 10.78 coins. Casino 17, machine 2: You press L and win 10.76 coins. Casino 17, machine 2: You press L and win 10.75 coins. Casino 17, machine 2: You press L and win 10.76 coins. Casino 17, machine 3: You press L and win 19.65 coins. Casino 17, machine 3: You press L and win 19.85 coins. Casino 17, machine 3: You press L and win 20.05 coins. Casino 17, machine 3: You press L and win 19.91 coins. Casino 17, machine 3: You press L and win 19.73 coins. Casino 18, machine 1: You press S and win 2.12 coins. Casino 18, machine 1: You press J and win 4.53 coins. Casino 18, machine 1: You press L and win 5.52 coins. Casino 18, machine 1: You press L and win 5.49 coins. Casino 18, machine 1: You press L and win 5.49 coins. Casino 18, machine 2: You press S and win 1.02 coins. Casino 18, machine 2: You press J and win 3.37 coins. Casino 18, machine 2: You press L and win 4.30 coins. Casino 18, machine 2: You press L and win 4.35 coins. Casino 18, machine 2: You press L and win 4.29 coins. Casino 18, machine 3: You press L and win 10.03 coins. Casino 18, machine 3: You press L and win 9.92 coins. Casino 18, machine 3: You press L and win 9.95 coins. Casino 18, machine 3: You press L and win 9.87 coins. Casino 18, machine 3: You press L and win 9.94 coins. Casino 19, machine 1: You press S and win 8.36 coins. Casino 19, machine 1: You press L and win 5.16 coins. Casino 19, machine 1: You press S and win 8.22 coins. Casino 19, machine 1: You press S and win 8.43 coins. Casino 19, machine 1: You press S and win 8.42 coins. Casino 19, machine 2: You press S and win 2.30 coins. Casino 19, machine 2: You press D and win 0.00 coins. Casino 19, machine 2: You press L and win 0.00 coins. Casino 19, machine 2: You press J and win 0.30 coins. Casino 19, machine 2: You press S and win 2.50 coins. Casino 19, machine 3: You press S and win 10.96 coins. Casino 19, machine 3: You press S and win 10.94 coins. Casino 19, machine 3: You press S and win 10.95 coins. Casino 19, machine 3: You press S and win 10.81 coins. Casino 19, machine 3: You press S and win 10.85 coins.
You are a gambler visiting the fictional town of Bandit City. Over the session you visit a series of casinos and play slot machines, trying to win as many coins as possible. Every slot machine is made by one of two companies, Blue Lagoon and Green Geeks, and all machines from the same company pay out according to the same hidden pattern (you are not told which company has which pattern, so you learn it by playing). Each slot machine has six buttons in a row, labeled S, D, F, J, K, L. On every trial you press exactly one button to play that arm and you win some coins. For this study the manufacturers only let you play the composition slot machine. Its payout for an arm switches partway along the row from one company's pattern to the other's. On each trial, press the letter of the arm you want to play: S, D, F, J, K, or L. Casino 0, machine 3: You press S and win 7.78 coins. Casino 0, machine 3: You press F and win 8.81 coins. Casino 0, machine 3: You press J and win 5.18 coins. Casino 0, machine 3: You press L and win 4.19 coins. Casino 0, machine 3: You press K and win 5.59 coins. Casino 1, machine 3: You press F and win 11.92 coins. Casino 1, machine 3: You press S and win 11.17 coins. Casino 1, machine 3: You press K and win 5.01 coins. Casino 1, machine 3: You press F and win 11.78 coins. Casino 1, machine 3: You press F and win 11.91 coins. Casino 2, machine 3: You press F and win 1.49 coins. Casino 2, machine 3: You press S and win 0.43 coins. Casino 2, machine 3: You press K and win 4.30 coins. Casino 2, machine 3: You press J and win 4.00 coins. Casino 2, machine 3: You press K and win 4.11 coins. Casino 3, machine 3: You press D and win 1.43 coins. Casino 3, machine 3: You press F and win 6.61 coins. Casino 3, machine 3: You press S and win 6.05 coins. Casino 3, machine 3: You press J and win 6.45 coins. Casino 3, machine 3: You press L and win 3.58 coins. Casino 4, machine 3: You press F and win 1.81 coins. Casino 4, machine 3: You press S and win 2.01 coins. Casino 4, machine 3: You press J and win 5.42 coins. Casino 4, machine 3: You press K and win 5.65 coins. Casino 4, machine 3: You press J and win 5.56 coins. Casino 5, machine 3: You press D and win 6.41 coins. Casino 5, machine 3: You press F and win 1.95 coins. Casino 5, machine 3: You press S and win 2.25 coins. Casino 5, machine 3: You press J and win 5.57 coins. Casino 5, machine 3: You press K and win 4.87 coins. Casino 6, machine 3: You press J and win 5.71 coins. Casino 6, machine 3: You press K and win 6.09 coins. Casino 6, machine 3: You press L and win 6.62 coins. Casino 6, machine 3: You press L and win 6.41 coins. Casino 6, machine 3: You press L and win 6.47 coins. Casino 7, machine 3: You press L and win 4.45 coins. Casino 7, machine 3: You press J and win 5.97 coins. Casino 7, machine 3: You press J and win 5.90 coins. Casino 7, machine 3: You press J and win 5.92 coins. Casino 7, machine 3: You press J and win 6.00 coins. Casino 8, machine 3: You press J and win 3.10 coins. Casino 8, machine 3: You press L and win 2.55 coins. Casino 8, machine 3: You press S and win 0.68 coins. Casino 8, machine 3: You press F and win 0.55 coins. Casino 8, machine 3: You press D and win 7.38 coins. Casino 9, machine 3: You press L and win 8.15 coins. Casino 9, machine 3: You press J and win 7.41 coins. Casino 9, machine 3: You press L and win 8.09 coins. Casino 9, machine 3: You press L and win 8.06 coins. Casino 9, machine 3: You press L and win 7.92 coins. Casino 10, machine 3: You press L and win 5.16 coins. Casino 10, machine 3: You press J and win 4.49 coins. Casino 10, machine 3: You press D and win 0.70 coins. Casino 10, machine 3: You press S and win 3.05 coins. Casino 10, machine 3: You press S and win 3.12 coins. Casino 11, machine 3: You press L and win 4.29 coins. Casino 11, machine 3: You press J and win 2.36 coins. Casino 11, machine 3: You press F and win 5.95 coins. Casino 11, machine 3: You press F and win 6.03 coins. Casino 11, machine 3: You press F and win 6.10 coins. Casino 12, machine 3: You press D and win 3.88 coins. Casino 12, machine 3: You press S and win 1.63 coins. Casino 12, machine 3: You press L and win 5.97 coins. Casino 12, machine 3: You press L and win 5.84 coins. Casino 12, machine 3: You press L and win 5.77 coins. Casino 13, machine 3: You press L and win 2.51 coins. Casino 13, machine 3: You press J and win 3.74 coins. Casino 13, machine 3: You press D and win 1.34 coins. Casino 13, machine 3: You press S and win 8.32 coins. Casino 13, machine 3: You press S and win 8.24 coins. Casino 14, machine 3: You press S and win 0.95 coins. Casino 14, machine 3: You press L and win 8.22 coins. Casino 14, machine 3: You press L and win 8.29 coins. Casino 14, machine 3: You press L and win 8.09 coins. Casino 14, machine 3: You press L and win 8.21 coins. Casino 15, machine 3: You press K and win 2.73 coins. Casino 15, machine 3: You press D and win 6.45 coins. Casino 15, machine 3: You press D and win 6.41 coins. Casino 15, machine 3: You press D and win 6.28 coins. Casino 15, machine 3: You press D and win 6.22 coins. Casino 16, machine 3: You press S and win 1.51 coins. Casino 16, machine 3: You press D and win 4.24 coins. Casino 16, machine 3: You press L and win 2.65 coins. Casino 16, machine 3: You press J and win 4.24 coins. Casino 16, machine 3: You press J and win 4.24 coins. Casino 17, machine 3: You press J and win 6.59 coins. Casino 17, machine 3: You press L and win 7.61 coins. Casino 17, machine 3: You press F and win 4.85 coins. Casino 17, machine 3: You press S and win 4.29 coins. Casino 17, machine 3: You press D and win 10.95 coins. Casino 18, machine 3: You press S and win 3.50 coins. Casino 18, machine 3: You press D and win 0.13 coins. Casino 18, machine 3: You press L and win 3.47 coins. Casino 18, machine 3: You press J and win 6.38 coins. Casino 18, machine 3: You press J and win 6.34 coins. Casino 19, machine 3: You press J and win 7.24 coins. Casino 19, machine 3: You press L and win 8.47 coins. Casino 19, machine 3: You press L and win 8.45 coins. Casino 19, machine 3: You press L and win 8.47 coins. Casino 19, machine 3: You press L and win 8.58 coins.