chambon_2020_information
Four experiments (N = 24, N = 24, N = 30 and N = 17 data files, respectively) test how the source of an action (free vs forced choice), outcome contingencies (high vs low reward; 50/50 vs 70/30), outcome information (factual vs counterfactual) and motor requirements (key press vs no key press, i.e. go vs no-go) modulate a confirmation/valence bias in learning. In each, participants perform a probabilistic two-armed bandit learning task in blocks that each use a fresh pair of symbols, with free vs forced choice trials (Experiments 1-3), factual vs counterfactual outcome presentation (Experiment 2), and (in Experiment 4) symbol selection by a key press or by withholding it; the response is a symbol choice plus reaction times, with RL models fit to estimate learning rates. Each experiment is delivered as a separate `expN.csv`; `task_id` is the 0-indexed block (a fresh symbol pair, i.e. a task reset) and `condition_code` the source's condition number. Analyses here reproduce the confirmation-bias free-choice learning (Exp 1), the counterfactual-feedback learning benefit (Exp 2), and go/no-go motor-independence of learning (Exp 4).
Responses
36,600
4,000 held out
CORE effects
2 / 3
CORE test NLL (avg)
0.544
rank 4 of 7 models
Best model
Centaur
test NLL (avg) 0.445
Likelihood of human responses
| model | PNLL | test NLL (avg) | test responses | train NLL (avg) | train responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CORE | 2,174.7 | 0.5437 | 4,000 | 0.3921 | 32,600 |
| CORE (no prediction errors) | 2,166.3 | 0.5416 | 4,000 | 0.4013 | 32,600 |
| CORE (no phonemes) | 2,091.5 | 0.5229 | 4,000 | 0.3799 | 32,600 |
| CORE (no forgetting) | 2,423.5 | 0.6059 | 4,000 | 0.4473 | 32,600 |
| CORE (no hierarchy) | 2,680.4 | 0.6701 | 4,000 | 0.5299 | 32,600 |
| Transformer | 2,962.1 | 0.7405 | 4,000 | 0.5504 | 32,600 |
| Centaur best | 1,779.1 | 0.4448 | 4,000 | – | – |
Experiments
| exp | task class | participants | responses | conditions | simulated | effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| exp0 | TwoSymbolLearningTask | 24 | 11,520 | 1 | yes | confirmatory_free_choice_learning |
| exp1 | TwoSymbolLearningTask | 24 | 7,680 | 1 | yes | counterfactual_feedback_benefit |
| exp2 | TwoSymbolLearningTask | 30 | 7,200 | 1 | no | – |
| exp3 | GoNoGoBandit | 17 | 10,200 | 1 | yes | motor_independence_go_nogo |
Behavioral effects
| effect | experiment | paper | CORE | CORE (no prediction errors) | CORE (no phonemes) | CORE (no forgetting) | CORE (no hierarchy) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
confirmatory_free_choice_learning | exp0 | +0.270 | ✓ yes +0.284 | ✓ yes +0.272 | ✓ yes +0.314 | ✓ yes +0.186 | ✗ no +0.056 |
optimal-choice accuracy on freely-chosen trials exceeds chance (0.5); paired one-sample t-test, expected direction +. | |||||||
counterfactual_feedback_benefit | exp1 | +0.080 | ✗ no +0.036 | ✗ no +0.015 | ✓ yes +0.081 | ✗ no +0.002 | ✗ no -0.007 |
free-trial accuracy is higher when both factual and counterfactual outcomes are shown (condition_code 2, 4) than when only the factual outcome is shown (condition_code 1, 3); paired t-test on per-participant accuracy, expected direction +. | |||||||
motor_independence_go_nogo | exp3 | +0.150 | ✓ yes +0.206 | ✓ yes +0.263 | ✓ yes +0.204 | ✓ yes +0.293 | ✗ no -0.003 |
optimal-choice accuracy exceeds chance under BOTH go and no-go motor requirements; two one-sample t-tests, expected direction + for each. | |||||||
Transcript
Your task is to learn which of the two symbols in front of you is more rewarding. Each symbol has a hidden, fixed probability of winning you a point (+1) or losing you a point (-1) that stays the same for a whole block; at the start of each block a fresh pair of symbols is used, so the hidden probabilities can differ between blocks. In every block the two symbols are called P and Q. On each trial the block's two symbols are shown, and you choose one by typing its single-letter name (P or Q). After your choice the outcome is revealed. On some trials the choice is imposed rather than free: you are instructed to take a specified symbol, and you must take it; the outcome of an imposed trial is shown to you but is not added to your points. After each outcome you press the confirm key, and then the next trial begins. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called P and Q. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called P and Q. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called P and Q. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. 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You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called P and Q. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. 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P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 2): a fresh pair of symbols, called P and Q. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 2): a fresh pair of symbols, called P and Q. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 2): a fresh pair of symbols, called P and Q. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called P and Q. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called P and Q. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called P and Q. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called P and Q. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press P. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take P. P loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols P and Q shown. You press Q. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take Q. Q wins a point. You press to confirm.
Your task is to learn which of the two symbols in front of you is more rewarding. Each symbol has a hidden, fixed probability of winning you a point (+1) or losing you a point (-1) that stays the same for a whole block; at the start of each block a fresh pair of symbols is used, so the hidden probabilities can differ between blocks. In every block the two symbols are called D and W. On each trial the block's two symbols are shown, and you choose one by typing its single-letter name (D or W). After your choice the outcome is revealed. On some trials the choice is imposed rather than free: you are instructed to take a specified symbol, and you must take it; the outcome of an imposed trial is shown to you but is not added to your points. After each outcome you press the confirm key, and then the next trial begins. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. In this block both the chosen and the unchosen symbols' outcomes are shown. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. In this block both the chosen and the unchosen symbols' outcomes are shown. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 2): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. In this block both the chosen and the unchosen symbols' outcomes are shown. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 2): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. In this block both the chosen and the unchosen symbols' outcomes are shown. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 2): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 2): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. In this block both the chosen and the unchosen symbols' outcomes are shown. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. In this block both the chosen and the unchosen symbols' outcomes are shown. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 4): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. In this block both the chosen and the unchosen symbols' outcomes are shown. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 4): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 4): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. You press to confirm. Block begins (Session 4): a fresh pair of symbols, called D and W. In this block both the chosen and the unchosen symbols' outcomes are shown. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You lose a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press D. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have lost a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. Symbols D and W shown. You press W. You win a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take W. W wins a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm. You are instructed to take D. D loses a point. The unchosen symbol would have won a point. You press to confirm.
Your task is to learn which of the two symbols in front of you is more rewarding. Each symbol has a hidden, fixed probability of winning you a point (+1) or losing you a point (-1) that stays the same for a whole block; at the start of each block a fresh pair of symbols is used, so the hidden probabilities can differ between blocks. In every block the two symbols are called J and U. On each trial the block's two symbols are shown, and you choose one by typing its single-letter name (J or U). After your choice the outcome is revealed. On some trials the choice is imposed rather than free: you are instructed to take a specified symbol, and you must take it; the outcome of an imposed trial is shown to you but is not added to your points. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Block begins (Session 2): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Block begins (Session 2): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called J and U. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. You are instructed to take J. J loses a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take U. U loses a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press J. You win a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You win a point. Symbols J and U shown. You press U. You lose a point. You are instructed to take J. J wins a point. You are instructed to take U. U wins a point.
Your task is to learn which of the two symbols in front of you is more rewarding. Each symbol has a hidden, fixed probability of winning you a point (+1) or losing you a point (-1) that stays the same for a whole block; at the start of each block a fresh pair of symbols is used, so the hidden probabilities can differ between blocks. In every block the two symbols are called A and Z. On each trial the block's two symbols are shown, and you choose one by typing its single-letter name (A or Z). After your choice the outcome is revealed. In this experiment you take a symbol either by pressing the response key or by not pressing it: on every trial one of the two symbols is taken by pressing the key within 1.5 seconds, and the other is taken by making no key press. Which symbol goes with the key press is stated on every trial. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called A and Z. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Block begins (Session 1): a fresh pair of symbols, called A and Z. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Block begins (Session 2): a fresh pair of symbols, called A and Z. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Block begins (Session 2): a fresh pair of symbols, called A and Z. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called A and Z. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Block begins (Session 3): a fresh pair of symbols, called A and Z. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take Z. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take Z. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. 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Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You lose a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes A, not pressing takes Z. You take A. You win a point. Symbols A and Z shown; pressing the key takes Z, not pressing takes A. You take A. 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